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The
Economic Freedom
Network

 

Bahrain

Total Government Expenditures

Economic Freedom Rating

As a Percent of GDP

bahrain.gif (6406 bytes)

Part 1: The Economic Freedom Ratings for the Components and Various Area and

Summary Indexes: 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990 and 1995.

(The numbers in parentheses indicate the actual values for the components.)

Components of Economic Freedom

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

I. Money and Inflation

6.7

6.6

6.7

7.3

9.3

(a) Annual Money Growth (last 5 yrs.)

7

(9.3)

2

(18.1)

8

(7.7)

10

(-1.7)

10

(-0.5)

(b) Inflation Variablity (last 5 yrs.)

3

(7.2)

7

(2.6)

2

(8.2)

2

(8.2)

8

(2.5)

(c) Ownership of Foreign Currency

10

10

10

10

10

(d) Maint. of Bank Account Abroad

10

10

10

10

10

II. Government Operation

1.0

1.5

1.0

3.3

3.0

(a) Gov't Consump. (% of Total Consump.)

-

1

(29.0)

0

(41.0)

0

(41.9)

0

(45.5)

(b) Government Enterprises

2

2

2

2

2

(c) Price Controls

-

-

-

4

4

(d) Entry Into Business

-

-

-

-

5.0

(e) Legal System

-

-

-

-

0.0

(f) Avoidance of Neg. Interest Rates

-

-

-

10

8

III. Takings

10.0

10.0

10.0

10.0

10.0

(a) Transfers and Subsidies (% of GDP)

-

-

10

(0.0)

10

(0.5)

10

(0.0)

(b) Marginal Tax Rates (Top Rate)

10

(0)

10

(0)

10

(0)

10

(0)

10

(0)

(c) Conscription

10

10

10

10

10

IV. International Sector

6.8

6.5

6.9

7.3

6.8

(a) Taxes on International Trade (Avg.)

-

-

9

(0.7)

9

(1.1)

9

(1.5)

(b) Black Market Exchange Rates (Prem.)

10

(0)

10

(0)

10

(0)

10

(0)

10

(0)

(c) Size of Trade Sector (% of GDP)

9

(120.6)

8

(117.7)

6

(95.8)

8

(110.8)

5

(95.5)

(d) Capital Transactions with Foreigners

2

2

2

2

2

Economic Freedom Rating

7.2

6.4

7.0

7.1

6.7

Ranking of Country

2

8

4

5

18

 

Part 2: Recent Economic Indicators:

Population 1996:

0.6

Real Per Capita GDP

:

1994 =

$14,926

(in millions)

(in 1995 U.S. dollars)

Annual Rate of Change (1985-96):

3.7%

Avg. Growth Rate:

1980-90 =

-2.5%

1990-94 =

1.8%

Economic Indicators:*

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

Change in Real GDP: Aggregate

9.0

2.4

4.6

4.6

7.8

8.3

2.3

-

-

: Per Capita

5.3

-1.3

0.9

0.9

4.1

4.6

-1.5

-

-

Inflation Rate (CPI)

0.3

1.5

0.9

0.8

-0.2

2.5

0.8

-

-

Change in Money Supply: (M1)

-1.0

-2.3

22.2

1.7

13.6

5.4

-3.9

-6.4

-

: (M2)

4.0

4.4

-11.6

20.5

4.1

5.5

6.2

6.9

-

Investment/GDP Ratio

26.5

26.5

25.1

27.7

29.8

31.2

30.0

-

-

Size of Trade Sector (% of GDP)

84.5

96.9

110.8

107.5

109.4

103.8

95.5

-

Total Gov't Exp./GDP Ratio

38.1

37.4

37.0

35.0

36.2

37.4

38.9

-

-

Central Government Budget

Deficit (-) or Surplus (+)

As a Percent of GDP

+3.8

-8.4

-6.8

-4.2

-6.9

-0.1

-3.2

-

-

Unemployment Rate

* The figures in this table are in percent form.

Our index ranked Bahrain as the 18th freest economy in the world in 1995. Its ranking for the earlier years was even higher, but this was because data limitations prevented the inclusion prior to 1995 of the components on entry into business and legal structure—two areas where Bahrain earns poor marks.

Monetary stability (including the freedom to maintain foreign currency bank accounts), low taxes, a small transfer sector, and sound financial markets are the strengths of this economy. But focus on these features paints a very deceptive picture. Government dominates the spending and consumption of this economy. Total government expenditures sum to just under 40% of GDP—a figure similar to that of European welfare states. Even more revealing, 45% of the consumption expenditures are undertaken by the government. This is the highest government consumption rate in the world. These figures are not indicative of a free market economy directed by prices that coordinate the consumption choices of individuals. Rather they reflect that Bahrain is a big government welfare state financed with oil revenues. Given these factors, if anything, we believe that our index overstates its economic freedom.





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Last Modified: Wednesday, October 20, 1999.