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Area Rating Tables: Germany
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| 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 1997 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Summary Ratings | 8.2 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 8.1 |
| Rank | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 12 | 22 |
| Components of Economic Freedom | 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 1997 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I. Size of Government | 6.4 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 5.2 | |||||||
| (a) Government Consumption (% of Total) | 6.7 | (22.4) | 6.0 | (26.5) | 6.0 | (26.3) | 6.0 | (26.1) | 6.2 | (25.2) | 6.1 | (25.8) | 6.1 | (25.6) |
| (b) Transfers and Subsidies (% of GDP) | 6.1 | (14.8) | 5.4 | (17.4) | 5.3 | (17.6) | 5.0 | (19.0) | 5.3 | (17.9) | 4.3 | (21.6) | 4.4 | (21.2) |
| II. Structure of the Economy and Use of Markets | 5.1 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 5.2 | |||||||
| (a) Government Enterprises | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | (25.7) | 7.0 | (24.4) | 6.0 | (24.0) | 6.0 | (25.5) | 6.0 | |||
| (b) Price Controls | 9.0 | 9.0 | 8.0 | |||||||||||
| (c) Top Marginal Tax Rate | 4.0 | (53) | 4.0 | (56) | 3.0 | (56) | 2.0 | (56) | 3.0 | (56) | 3.0 | (57) | 1.0 | (61.7) |
| (d) Conscription | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | |||||||
| III. Monetary Policy and Price Stability | 9.3 | 9.1 | 9.2 | 9.5 | 9.0 | 9.4 | 9.5 | |||||||
| (a) Annual Money Growth (last 5 yrs.) | 9.4 | (2.9) | 8.8 | (6.2) | 9.2 | (4.1) | 9.5 | (2.6) | 8.1 | (9.7) | 9.0 | (5.0) | 9.0 | (4.8) |
| (b) Inflation Variability (last 5 yrs.) | 9.2 | (2.1) | 9.7 | (0.7) | 9.6 | (0.9) | 9.5 | (1.2) | 9.5 | (1.2) | 9.5 | (1.2) | 9.5 | (1.2) |
| (c) Recent Inflation Rate | 9.3 | (3.4) | 8.8 | (6.0) | 8.9 | (5.5) | 9.6 | (2.2) | 9.5 | (2.7) | 9.6 | (2.1) | 9.8 | (0.8) |
| IV. Freedom to Use Alternative Currencies | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |||||||
| (a) Ownership of Foreign Currency | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |||||||
| (b) Black Market Exchange Rates (Prem.) | 10.0 | (0.0) | 10.0 | (0.0) | 10.0 | (0.0) | 10.0 | (0.0) | 10.0 | (0.0) | 10.0 | (0.0) | 10.0 | (0.0) |
| V. Legal Structure and Property Rights | 9.9 | 8.5 | 8.6 | 8.8 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |||||||
| (a) Private Ownership Rights | 10.0 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 9.4 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |||||||
| (b) Viability of Contracts | 9.9 | 9.4 | 7.8 | 8.8 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |||||||
| (c) Rule of Law | 10.0 | 8.2 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |||||||||
| VI. International Exchange | 8.5 | 8.4 | 8.7 | 8.8 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.5 | |||||||
| (a) Taxes on International Trade | ||||||||||||||
| i. Taxes as a Percentage of Exports and Imports | 9.7 | (0.5) | 9.7 | (0.5) | 9.7 | (0.5) | 9.7 | (0.5) | 9.7 | (0.5) | 9.7 | (0.5) | 9.7 | (0.5) |
| ii. Mean Tariff Rate | 8.1 | (9.4) | 8.2 | (8.8) | 8.5 | (7.5) | 8.5 | (7.4) | 8.7 | (6.7) | 8.6 | (6.9) | ||
| iii. Standard Deviation of Tariff Rates | 7.1 | (7.2) | 7.6 | (5.9) | 7.6 | (6.0) | ||||||||
| (b) Non-tariff Regulatory Trade Barriers | ||||||||||||||
| i. Non-tariff Trade Restraints (% of trade covered) | 8.8 | (11.8) | 8.5 | (15.4) | 8.9 | (10.9) | 9.1 | (9.0) | 9.3 | (6.7) | ||||
| ii. Size of Trade Sector (% of GDP) | 5.4 | (36.5) | 6.2 | (44.5) | 7.1 | (55.1) | 7.7 | (63.8) | 7.0 | (61.6) | 5.2 | (46.4) | 5.4 | (49.8) |
| VII. Freedom of Exchange in Financial Markets | 7.7 | 7.1 | 7.6 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 8.1 | 8.1 | |||||||
| (a) Ownership of Banks | 5.0 | (40-50) | 5.0 | (48-50) | 5.0 | (48-50) | 5.0 | (48-50) | 5.0 | (49) | 5.0 | (49) | 5.0 | (49) |
| (b) Extension of Credit | 8.2 | (84.0) | 7.8 | (79.8) | 7.6 | (78.2) | 7.5 | (77.3) | 7.7 | (79.3) | 7.4 | (76.4) | 7.4 | (76.5) |
| (c) Avoidance of Negative Interest Rates | 10.0 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |||||||
| (d) Capital Transactions with Foreigners | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |||||||
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