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Notes

¹A good overview of the role of chief operating officers in quality and improvement can be found in J.M. Juran, Juran on Leadership for Quality: An Executive Handbook (New York: The Free Press, 1989).

²Department for Education and Employment web site: www.dfee.gov.uk/perform.htm (January 17, 2000).

³See, for instance, www.meq.gouv.qc.ca/GR-PUB/m_englis.htm or www.meq.gouv.qc.ca/sanction/epreuv99/index.html for a selection of data from Quebec on student outcomes.

⁴For further information, see www.cde.ca.gov/psaa/api/.

⁵For further information, see www.ode.state.or.us/ReportCard/.

⁶Peter Cowley, Stephen Easton, and Michael Walker, A Secondary Schools Report Card for British Columbia, Public Policy Sources 9 (Vancouver, BC: The Fraser Institute, 1998).

⁷Peter Cowley and Stephen Easton, The 1999 Report Card on Alberta's High Schools, Public Policy Sources 29 (Vancouver, BC: The Fraser Institute, 2000).

⁸The uniform examinations results that are presented and analyzed in this paper are: Language of Instruction (Secondary V level), English or French; Second Language (Secondary V level), English or French; Physical Science (Secondary IV level); and History of Québec and Canada (Secondary IV level). The term "uniform examination" refers to those examinations set and administered by the Ministry of Education in courses that are required for certification of studies or that are pre-requisites for important post-secondary courses.

⁹The cohort graduation rate measures the percentage of students entering the school at the Secondary I level who graduate in the normal time of five years.

¹⁰David Romer, Do Students Go to Class? Should They? The Journal of Economic Perspectives 7, 3 (Summer 1993): pages 167-74; at p. 167.

¹¹Eileen Garry, Truancy: First Step to a Lifetime of Problems (Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, October 1996).

¹²The student data from which the various indicators in this Report Card are derived are contained in databases maintained or controlled by the Government of Quebec, Ministry of Education.

¹³Peter Cowley and Stephen Easton, Boys, Girls, and Grades: Academic Gender Balance in British Columbia's Secondary Schools, Public Policy Sources 26 (Vancouver, BC: Fraser Institute, 1999): page 7.

¹⁴Cowley and Easton, Boys, Girls, and Grades: page 5.

¹⁵In this context we have used the 90% confidence level to determine statistical significance.

¹⁶Data from Census 1996 for the custom geographies used in the development of the socio-economic measures were provided by Statistics Canada.

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